The Contented Young
Ronald Reagan in the 1980s attracted young voters to his party. Bill Clinton in the 1990s did the same. But in this decade, George W. Bush has conspicuously failed at the important task of capturing the youth vote. Rather to the contrary. Voters under 30 were the age group least likely to support Bush in 2000 or 2004. They were the age group least likely to support Republicans when they had a good year in 2002 and when they had a bad year in 2006. The weakness of Republicans among young voters is one reason-and, you could argue, the main demographic reason-that Democrats go into the 2008 campaign as the party more voters would like to see win. Democratic candidates do not always run ahead of Republicans; Rudy Giuliani has been running ahead of Hillary Clinton in most polls. But if the Republicans are to regain the narrowly held majority status they enjoyed for 10 years (they got more votes than Democrats in the six House elections from 1994 to 2004), they are going to have to run better among the young. Among other reasons: They are going to go on voting for a lot longer than the rest of us.
Bush's failure to win over young voters was not for lack of trying. His conviction, and Karl Rove's, was that his proposal for changing Social Security would surely appeal to them. Logically, it should have because those in their 20s today have the most to gain from reform. In their report last month, the Social Security trustees told us that Social Security costs will exceed revenues by 2017. So just 10 years from now, Congress will have to start dipping into other government revenues just to pay off Social Security beneficiaries. By 2041, when today's 21-year-old voter will be 55, Social Security will finance only 75 percent of benefits. The government will have to raise taxes, borrow more, or cut other federal spending programs. Changing the system to allow individuals to have personal investment accounts could avoid this crunch. But when Bush's call for doing that was opposed by Democrats, the response of young voters seemed to be, "Whatever."
My sense when I look at what young voters tell pollsters is that they assume that everything is going to be just fine if things roll along pretty much as they are. They have grown up in an era, lasting nearly 25 years now, when we've had low inflation coupled with economic growth 95 percent of the time. They may grouse about gas prices or paying off college loans, but they're able to get jobs that mostly pay pretty well and often are more interesting and less backbreaking than the vaunted factory jobs of the past. They have grown up in an era when personal choices that were stigmatized as immoral not so long ago are accepted and even respected. You can live with your girlfriend or boyfriend before you get married; you can be gay: Nobody is going to give you a very hard time. In fact, young people are delaying childbearing until marriage more than they used to and seem to be divorcing somewhat less often. We're learning as a country to balance freedom with responsibility.
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