1. Why does U.S. News rank graduate schools?
The process of selecting among the various schools that offer graduate programs in your area of interest involves factors ranging from the personal to the objective. We want to help you with this process by giving you an independent assessment of the academic quality of programs in your field. By collecting data annually for the fields of business, education, engineering, law, and medicine, we are able to present the most current figures on enrollment, job placement, faculty, and other critical quality indicators that help you make informed decisions. In other graduate fields, we usually gather data on a program every four years, asking the experts who teach and direct programs in these fields to evaluate their peer programs.
2. How do you rank graduate schools and programs?
There are two different ways that we rank graduate programs.
For the five graduate program areas with the largest enrollments—business, education, engineering, law, and medicine—we use a combination of statistical data and expert assessment data. The statistical data we collect include both input and output measures. Input measures reflect the quality of students, faculty, and other resources brought to the education process. Output measures signal an institution's success in managing that process so graduates achieve desired results, such as passing the bar exam or getting a high-paying job offer.
The expert assessment data for these areas come from surveys of knowledgeable individuals in academia and practitioners in each profession. Survey respondents are asked to rate the programs with which they are familiar on a scale of 1 (marginal) to 5 (outstanding). Statistical and assessment data are standardized about their means, and standardized scores are weighted, totaled, and rescaled so that the top score is 100 and other scores are expressed as whole percentages of the top score. Schools are then ranked by their rescaled score.
We also rank a variety of programs—including Ph.D. programs in the sciences and humanities and programs in healthcare, public affairs, and the fine arts—based solely on the peer assessment data from academics involved in that particular field. For a more general explanation, please read "How U.S. News Calculated the Graduate School Rankings." For specific information about how we rank each discipline, review the specific methodologies for business, education, engineering, law, medicine, sciences, humanities, fine arts, various fields in the health sciences, and public affairs.
3. Do you rank all schools in a graduate discipline?
We survey all programs in a discipline that meet generally recognized criteria for a professional program in that field. In many fields—business, law, medicine, and the health professions—we survey only accredited programs. Because other programs generally do not have an accrediting body, when we construct surveys in these areas we use available resources, such as the most recent "Survey of Earned Doctorates," and cooperate with organizations and schools to determine which schools are currently offering graduate programs in a field.
4. How do you select the schools or programs you rank, and which programs are being newly ranked and which rankings have changed methodology this year?
If an accrediting body exists for a discipline or professional preparation program, we use the list of accredited programs at the time our survey is constructed to define the population of schools or programs to be considered in our ranking. In a very few instances, schools or programs may be excluded, usually because of restricted access, because a program is too young to permit gathering of all the data needed to compute indicators based on multiyear data, or because a program is not fully accredited by the appropriate accrediting agency.
Our list of law schools contains virtually all schools in the United States accredited by the American Bar Association. We consult the American Medical Association and the American Osteopathic Association for lists of accredited medical schools, and AACSB International, the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, for accredited master's programs in business located in the United States.
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