Today in History, July 21: Ernest Hemingway, the Scopes Trial, and the Wall

1861—The first Battle of Bull Run is fought outside Manassas, Va. The Confederate Army emerges victorious.

1899—Author Ernest Hemingway is born in Oak Park, Ill. His books include A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and The Old Man and the Sea. For one year in the 1940s, Hemingway hunts German submarines.

1925—The Scopes "monkey trial," testing a law passed earlier that year in Tennessee outlawing the teaching of evolution, finds high school science teacher John Scopes guilty and fines him $100. Tennessee overturns the law in 1967.

1983—A world record is set for the lowest recorded temperature at Vostok, Antarctica: 128.6 degrees below zero Fahrenheit.

1990—More than 150,000 people attend a concert, which includes a staging of the 1979 rock epic The Wall, in East Berlin to commemorate the dismantling of the Berlin Wall.