Worst Presidents: James Buchanan (1857-1861)
A Pennsylvania-born Democrat, deeply devout in his faith and the only bachelor elected to the presidency, Buchanan rejected slavery as an indefensible evil but, like the majority of his party, refused to challenge the constitutionally established order.
Even before he became president, he supported the various compromises that made it possible for slavery to spread into the western territories acquired by the Lousiana Purchase and the Mexican War. (Particularly hurtful to the cause of restraining slavery's spread was the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, for example, allowed settlers to determine the status of slavery in their proposed state constitutions.)
In his inaugural address, the 15th president tacitly encouraged the Supreme Court's forthcoming Dred Scott decision, which ruled that Congress had no power to keep slavery out of the territories.
More damaging to his name, though, was his weak acquiescence before the secessionist tide—an unwillingness to challenge those states that declared their intention to withdraw from the Union after Lincoln's election. Sitting on his hands as the situation spiraled out of control, Buchanan believed that the Constitution gave him no power to act against would-be seceders.
To his dying day, he felt that history would treat him favorably for having performed his constitutional duty. He was wrong.
Reader Comments
US Constitution
Buchanan acted as he did in the last months of his administration because he sincerely believed that there was nothing in the US Constitution to prevent a state from seceding from the Union. Read the Federalist Papers! Madison did not believe the Constitution prevented secession either!
Buchanan was even worse than this
He didn't just sit on his hands while after Lincoln's elections and let the Southern state secede. He let the southerners loot whatever federal assets they could get their hands on. His Secratary of War (later a confederate general) relocated federal armories to confederate territories to expidite the looting. When war broke out, it was these weapons that were used by the first confederate armies. If Buchanan had a longer lame duck period with which to make mischief, the civil war would have been that much longer and bloodier
Buchanan and decision-making
While you can get into a lot of trouble with a president who won't make a decision, you can get into just as much with one who refers to himself as "the decider".
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